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Assessment of Household Water quality, Sanitation, and Hygiene Management in Odugbo and its Environs

Authors: Onoja, P. Okolo, Adekiya, O. Esther, Eric Yohanna Mshelmbula

Differences between Water quality, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in the rural and urban areas have hindered meaningful development in Nigeria. Data available in recent times on this, is required in our bid to to proffer solutions to this menace effectively. This study is aimed at gathering data on the status of household WASH facilities in a remote village in Odugbo, Apa L. G. A. of Benue State, Nigeria. The survey was cross-sectional in design, and total sampling used to select 40 household respondents per village and five villages were covered in the study. Data were obtained via observational checklists, questionnaire, and key informant interview guide. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics like measuring the respondent’s percentage were used. The respondents had a mean age of 43.1 ± 16.4 years, only 10.9% had tertiary education. All the respondents reported that well water and river water were their primary drinking water source which are a times supplemented with rain water and sachet water, as water are a bit scarce in dry seasons. In over 70% of households, females were assigned the duty to fetch water, some households had well within 30 minutes from their houses. In toilet availability (21.5%) of the respondents owned pit latrine, of which only 10% shared their facilities with other households. Some good numbers of people (46.8%) of the respondents still practised open defecation at instances they could not access their household latrines. Due the inadequacies of toilet facilities in the area, disposals children faeces is a challenge as a high percentage of the respondent (83.2) dispose their children faecal waste indiscriminately. It was observed from the results obtained that 90 of the respondents had waterborne diseases ailment more than twice in the past one year and that diseases such as Typhoid fever, Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Cholera and Malaria fever with 26.4%. 18.3%, 16.9%, 14.5% and 23.9% in that order respectively. Almost all the toilets has no water for hand washing. The condition of water and sanitation in the village was quite progressive. However, subsequent interventions should ensure the provision of motorized boreholes and well water with pumps to help in lessening the contamination that arise from manual fetching of the well water, toilet facilities are not available in non-household settings like farms and markets which call for attention as such circumstances encourages open defaecation,.

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